| Citation: |
Bin-Wei Zhang, Liu-Yue Cao, Hua-Kun Liu, Shi-Xue Dou, Yun-Xiao Wang. The Promises and Challenges of Aqueous Zinc-Sulfur Batteries. Materials Lab 2022, 1, 210002. doi: 10.54227/mlab.20210002
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The Promises and Challenges of Aqueous Zinc-Sulfur Batteries
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Abstract
The aqueous Zinc-Sulfur (Zn-S) batteries hold significant promise for next-generation batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity S (1,672 mA h g−1), their high safety, and the low price of sulfur. Nevertheless, the electrochemistry of the aqueous Zn-S batteries is still unclear, and their multifarious irreversible reactions also indicate their complexity. In this perspective, we have summarized the fundamental properties of and the current challenges for aqueous Zn-S batteries. Moreover, future opportunities for the development of aqueous Zn-S batteries are proposed.
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Keywords:
- Aqueous Zn-S batteries /
- Shuttle effect /
- Sulfur cathode /
- Zn anode.
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Author Biographies
Bin-Wei Zhang is an associate research fellow with the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), University of Wollongong (UOW). He received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Xiamen University in 2012 and 2015, respectively, and his Ph.D. degree from ISEM, UOW, in 2019. He was a postdoc with the School of Chemical Engineering at the University of New South Wales. His current research interest is renewable energy storage and conversion, including electrocatalysis, lithium/ sodium sulfur batteries, and lithium/sodium ion batteries. 
Liuyue Cao is currently a Research Fellow in the School of Chemical and Biomelecular Engineering at the University of Sydney. She received her Bachelor's and Master's degrees from Hunan University in 2011 and 2014. In 2018, she obtained her PhD degree from the University of New South Wales and worked there as a postdoctoral researcher associate until 2020. Her research interests have spanned the synthesis and surface/interface processes of the electrode or separator materials to the design of advanced electrochemical energy devices, including redox flow batteries, metal-ion batteries, and metal-sulfur batteries. 
Yun-Xiao Wang is a research fellow at the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), University of Wollongong (UOW). She received her Master’s degree (2011) from Xiamen University and obtained her Ph.D. degree from the University of Wollongong in 2015. Her current research interest is renewable energy storage and conversion, including electrocatalysis, lithium/ sodium-ion batteries, and lithium/sodium metal batteries. -
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Bin-Wei Zhang, Liu-Yue Cao, Hua-Kun Liu, Shi-Xue Dou, Yun-Xiao Wang. The Promises and Challenges of Aqueous Zinc-Sulfur Batteries. Materials Lab 2022, 1, 210002. doi: 10.54227/mlab.20210002
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Figure 1.
(a) Schematic representation of a Zn-S battery. Discharge/charge curves of Zn-S batteries in (b) 1 M Zn (CH3COO)2 electrolyte, and (c) electrolyte consisting of 1 M Zn (CH3COO)2 with 0.05 wt% I2 as additive. Reproduced with permission.[12] Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.
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Figure 2.
(a) Schematic illustration of an aqueous Zn-polysulfide battery. (b) Discharge voltage profile and (c) charge voltage profile of an Zn-polysulfide battery in 0.5 M NaOH anolyte, Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) SSE, 0.1 M Na2S4 + 0.1 M NaOH as catholyte, and a CoS catalytically active electrode. Reproduced with permission.[11] Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.
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Figure 3.
(a) Schematic illustration of PLSD cathode coated with Zn2+-conducting LF. (b) Schematic illustration of an aqueous Zn/LF-PLSD battery. (c) Discharge/charge profile at 0.5 A g−1 based on data collected in the third cycle. Reproduced with permission.16 Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.
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Figure 4.
Challenges and opportunities of aqueous Zn-S batteries.
