| Citation: | Hongjie Du, Fanyu Yuan, Wenwen Qi, Fangyuan Zhu, Jian Liu, Chengzhilin Li, Zishuo Guo, Zhaoze Yang, Xu Guo, Chengcheng Liu, Ming Xia. Research advances in nasal epithelial organoids and challenges in clinical disease applications[J]. Materials Lab, 2025, 4(3): 250004. doi: 10.54227/mlab.20250004 |
Organoids, as a novel type of 3D spherical model, possess characteristics such as tissue heterogeneity, functional simulation capability, scalability, personalization, and strong compatibility. These features endow them with significant advantages in drug testing, including the ability to highly simulate human physiological and pathological characteristics, strong clinical relevance, high-throughput and rapid screening capabilities, avoidance of the limitations of animal models, and potential for personalized treatment. As a result, organoids have become an essential tool in drug development and precision medicine.In recent years, nasal organoids have been preliminarily established. These models have been utilized to elucidate the pathogenesis of chronic and acute sinusitis through nasal organoid inflammation models, as well as to screen allergens in allergic rhinitis. Additionally, olfactory epithelial organoid models have been employed to study the mechanisms of olfactory neuron damage and regeneration. This article reviews the recent advances in the fundamental research of nasal organoids and innovatively outlines a composite culture medium formulation developed by our laboratory, providing a new technical approach for cost-effective and efficient organoid research.
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Statistics of clinical trials related to organoids. Statistical analysis of clinical trial registration data from 2017 to 2025 reveals that while the United States maintains a relative advantage in the overall volume of organoid-related clinical research, China has demonstrated particularly notable growth in the field of tumor organoid studies.
The culture process of mice olfactory epithelial organoids. First, the mouse is anesthetized, and the head is removed. The olfactory epithelial tissue is dissected and isolated under a stereo microscope. Subsequently, the tissue is minced into small pieces under cold conditions and digested using trypsin. The digested tissue is then centrifuged and filtered to obtain a single-cell suspension. The suspension is mixed with Matrigel matrix and allowed to solidify, after which growth medium is added for cultivation. After 7 days of culture, organoids of varying sizes are formed. Finally, by adding specific cytokines and small molecule compounds, the organoids are induced to differentiate into various cell types.HBC:Horizontal basal cells, GBC:globe basal basal cell, mOSN:mature olfactory sensory neurons, imOSM:immature olfactory sensory neurons.
The morphological characteristics and proliferative status of olfactory epithelial organoids. a-c show microscopic images (10×) of primary P0, first-generation P1, and second-generation P2 organoids 24 hours after culture, respectively; d-f display microscopic images (10×) of P0, P1, and P2 organoids on day 7 of culture, respectively. All images were captured using an inverted microscope, with a scale bar of 50 μm.
Application prospects of nasal cavity organoids in the medical field. As a novel in vitro research model, nasal cavity organoids provide an ideal platform for investigating the pathogenesis of nasal-related diseases, drug screening, and therapeutic efficacy evaluation. By integrating organoid-on-a-chip technology and gene editing tools, this model can be further extended to personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, and precision drug development, offering comprehensive technical support and innovative solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases.
Clinical application prospects of organoid technology sketch map:Current clinical developments:systematically presents organoids derived from diverse tissues with clinical translation potential.Technology Integration:Highlights cutting-edge convergence with gene editing, 3D bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip systems.Research Methodologies:Illustrates key technical approaches including single-cell sequencing.Nasal Organoid Specialization:Details specific applications and research directions for nasal organoids.