| Citation: |
Yilong Dai, Zengsheng Ma, Youlan Zou, Yaru Liang. Challenges and Applications of In Situ TEM for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Materials Lab 2022, 1, 220037. doi: 10.54227/mlab.20220037
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Challenges and Applications of In Situ TEM for Sodium-Ion Batteries
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Abstract
Owning to the fast development and bright prospect in energy storage system of sodium-ion battery, the electrochemical behavior of sodium storage materials has been paid full attention by researchers. The electrochemical reaction of sodium-ion battery materials involves complex evolution procedures of morphology, microstructure and element valence. Due to the limitation of conventional analytical techniques, the sodium electrochemical reaction process and mechanism are not completely clear. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables researchers to observe sodium storage materials behave in the electrochemical environment directly, which can provide guidance for the development of sodium-ion battery materials. This review demonstrates the general applicability of in situ TEM for sodium-ion batteries, and the challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Keywords:
- In situ TEM /
- Sodium-ion batteries /
- Electrochemical behaviors
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Author Biographies
Yilong Dai is a lecturer at School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University. He received his Ph.D. (2019) from School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University. His current research is focused mainly on metal-air battery and metal anodes. 
Youlan Zou is an associate professor at School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University. She received her Ph.D. (2014) from School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University. Her current research is focused mainly on the synthesis of key materials for secondary battery, including lithium-ion battery, Li-S battery and all-solid-state battery. 
Yaru Liang now works at School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University. He received his Ph.D. degree from Central South University (2020). His research focuses on the novel structural design of composite materials, energy storage materials for battery applications, and in situ characterization. -
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Received Date:
03 May 2022
Revised Date:
02 June 2022
Accepted Date:
12 June 2022
Available Online:
12 July 2022
Publish Date:
12 October 2022
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Yilong Dai, Zengsheng Ma, Youlan Zou, Yaru Liang. Challenges and Applications of In Situ TEM for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Materials Lab 2022, 1, 220037. doi: 10.54227/mlab.20220037
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Figure 1.
Examples of in-situ TEM research in sodium-ion electrodes. (a) Schematic of the open-cell in-situ TEM devise, (b) the morphological and structural evolution of the Zn4Sb3 nanowire in the sodiation process[58]. Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH. (c) ED patterns of the first and the second sodiation–desodiation products to identify the overall reaction mechanism of NiCo2O4 in SIBs[76]. Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH. (d) tracking of the Na transport in MoS2 and reaction front propagation in real-time[86]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society.
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Figure 2.
Challenges and their potential solutions on open-cell in-situ TEM for sodium-ion electrodes. (a) Schematic of an ideal in-situ electrochemical liquid-cell for battery research. (b) Schematic of the cryo-TEM holder in which the samples immersed in liquid nitrogen and isolated from the environment by a closed shutter. (c) Schematic of surface protection layer covered and protected the sample. (d) Sparsely sampled acquired with 6 pǺ probe and dwell time of 31.35 µs (left) and reconstructed (right) images from CaCO3[93]. Copyright 2016, AIP Publishing.
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Figure 3.
Examples of some advanced techniques developed for in-situ TEM. (a) Schematic of multi-field hold for in situ TEM studies. (b) Schematic of the air-tight biasing TEM holder.
